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Sally Sleeper is vice president, Army Research Division and director, RAND Arroyo Center, which conducts research and analysis for the United States Army. She leads a team of professionals to provide high-quality, objective research and analysis and deep expertise in domains of direct relevance to perennial Army concerns. She was formerly director of Strategy, Doctrine, and Resources, a RAND Arroyo Center program. Previously, she supported the Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Manufacturing and Industrial Base Policy as a senior advisor from July 2012 until rejoining RAND in March 2016. In this role, she developed strategy to assess and mitigate the impact of diminishing budgets on industry and their sub-tier supplier networks, which are integral to the force structure of DoD. She established the analytical process necessary to assess and establish policy and meet the requirements of senior DoD leadership. She also worked to help improve DoD's global outreach and access to innovation and led analysis efforts with foreign defense departments. Her research areas include organizational effectiveness, innovation and technology development, and program evaluation. Sleeper received a Ph.D. in organization science and economics from Carnegie Mellon University, an M.S. in policy analysis and public management from Stony Brook University, and a bachelor's degree in environmental design and planning from the University of Colorado at Boulder.