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With a specialist certificate in neurosurgery from the Collège des médecins du Québec and from the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, Dr. Philippe Couillard served as head surgeon in the Department of Neurosurgery at Saint-Luc Hospital in Montreal, Canada from 1989-1996. He co-founded the Dhahran Department of Neurosurgery in Saudi Arabia, was a professor at Université de Sherbrooke from 1996 to 2003, and served as chairman of surgery at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke from 2000 to 2003. Mr. Couillard was elected as Member of the National Assembly of Québec for the Mount Royal riding in 2003 and re-elected in the Jean-Talon riding in 2007. He was appointed Minister of Health and Social Services from 2003-2008, then served as a partner at an investment firm, spent time as a consultant, and taught a course on the governance of health care systems. In 2014, he was elected Member of Parliament for the riding of Roberval and became the 31st premier of Quebec. During this time, he helped initiate innovative public policies in several key sectors.